9+ Best Alvin & The Chipmunks: The Squeakquel Posters


9+ Best Alvin & The Chipmunks: The Squeakquel Posters

The promotional art work for the 2009 movie depicting the singing chipmunk trio and their feminine counterparts, the Chipettes, served as a key visible advertising and marketing component. This art work sometimes featured the characters in dynamic poses, typically incorporating musical components, and aimed to seize the movie’s comedic and musical nature. Variations existed, together with theatrical launch posters, residence video releases, and worldwide variations, every tailor-made to particular audiences and distribution channels.

Such advertising and marketing supplies play an important function in producing pleasure for upcoming movies. Visually speaking the tone, characters, and story components, these photos serve to draw potential viewers and contribute considerably to a movie’s total advertising and marketing marketing campaign. Within the case of this particular movie, the art work possible aimed to enchantment to households and followers of the franchise, emphasizing the addition of the Chipettes as a serious promoting level. The imagerys vibrant colours and playful composition additional bolstered the movie’s family-friendly nature.

This visible illustration served as a gateway to wider discussions in regards to the movie’s reception, its affect on the franchise, and its place inside the broader context of youngsters’s leisure. Analyzing the art work gives beneficial insights into the advertising and marketing methods employed for the movie and provides a place to begin for exploring its themes and cultural affect.

1. Character Illustration

Character illustration on the “Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel” film poster performs an important function in conveying narrative and attracting the audience. Depictions of Alvin, Simon, Theodore, Brittany, Jeanette, and Eleanor talk key facets of their personalities and roles inside the movie. As an example, Alvin’s sometimes energetic and mischievous demeanor could be conveyed by way of a dynamic pose and expressive facial options. Conversely, Simon’s mental nature could be represented by way of a extra considerate stance and refined expression. The Chipettes’ introduction on this movie necessitates their outstanding placement on the poster, visually signaling their significance to the narrative. The posters character representations function a visible shorthand, instantly speaking the movie’s core solid and hinting on the dynamics between them.

Efficient character illustration contributes considerably to a movie’s advertising and marketing success. Contemplate how the poster’s depiction of the Chipmunks and Chipettes may generate pleasure and anticipation among the many audience. The visible presentation of those characterstheir costumes, expressions, and interactionsconveys key details about the movie’s tone and style. Particularly, the poster’s illustration of those characters as each people and an ensemble contributes to the general advertising and marketing message. The way in which they’re depicted informs potential viewers in regards to the movie’s comedic and musical components, influencing their expectations and want to see the movie.

In conclusion, character portrayal on the “Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel” poster capabilities as a strong advertising and marketing instrument. By way of strategic visible illustration, the poster establishes the movie’s core solid and hints on the narrative dynamics. This understanding of character illustration on movie posters gives beneficial insights into the advertising and marketing methods employed to draw particular demographics. Analyzing how these visible components contribute to viewers engagement provides a deeper understanding of the movie’s supposed affect and its broader cultural relevance.

2. Visible Composition

Visible composition considerably impacts the effectiveness of the “Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel” film poster. A well-planned composition guides the viewer’s eye, highlighting key components and conveying the movie’s tone and style. Understanding the compositional decisions gives insights into the advertising and marketing methods employed and the supposed viewers reception.

  • Format and Association

    The association of characters and graphical components inside the poster house straight influences viewer notion. Placement of the Chipmunks and Chipettes, relative to one another and the title remedy, contributes to the general stability and hierarchy of knowledge. For instance, inserting the title prominently on the prime, with the characters organized dynamically beneath, creates a transparent focus and establishes a visible move. This strategic association guides the viewer’s gaze and emphasizes key data, contributing to the poster’s total effectiveness.

  • Strains and Shapes

    Strains and shapes inside the composition create visible pathways and contribute to the general dynamic. Diagonal strains may recommend power and motion, whereas curved strains create a softer, extra playful really feel. The usage of geometric shapes can body characters or draw consideration to particular areas of the poster. Contemplate how the interaction of strains and shapes directs the viewer’s eye and reinforces the movie’s comedic and musical themes.

  • Stability and Symmetry

    The stability and symmetry, or lack thereof, inside the composition contribute to the poster’s visible concord. A symmetrical composition may convey stability and order, whereas an asymmetrical association can create a way of dynamism and pleasure. The association of characters and components on the poster, whether or not balanced or intentionally off-center, contributes to the general visible affect and conveys particular messages in regards to the movie’s tone and style.

  • Focal Level and Emphasis

    Establishing a transparent focus inside the composition is essential for drawing the viewer’s consideration to an important components. Methods like measurement, shade distinction, and placement contribute to creating a visible hierarchy. For instance, the characters could be positioned prominently within the foreground, whereas the title and different supporting data are organized round them to information the viewer’s gaze and prioritize key data, making certain the supposed message is successfully communicated.

Analyzing these compositional components reveals how the poster for “Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel” strategically guides viewer notion and communicates key details about the movie. This understanding provides beneficial insights into the visible language employed in movie advertising and marketing and its effectiveness in attracting goal demographics.

3. Shade Palette

The colour palette employed within the “Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel” film poster serves an important operate in conveying the movie’s tone, attracting the goal demographic, and reinforcing model recognition. Evaluation of the colour decisions gives insights into the advertising and marketing methods used and the supposed viewers response. Understanding the psychological and emotional affect of shade is important for decoding the poster’s effectiveness.

  • Major Colours and Vibrancy

    The usage of vibrant, saturated major colours, widespread in youngsters’s leisure, possible aimed to draw a youthful viewers. The vibrancy contributes to a way of power and playfulness, reflecting the movie’s comedic and musical nature. This strategic use of shade reinforces the movie’s family-friendly style and creates a visually interesting aesthetic for its goal demographic.

  • Distinction and Emphasis

    Shade distinction performs an important function in directing consideration and creating visible hierarchy. The poster may make use of contrasting colours to focus on key components, such because the title or the characters. As an example, the Chipmunks’ distinct fur colours towards a contrasting background instantly attracts the viewer’s eye. This strategic use of distinction emphasizes necessary data and contributes to the general visible affect.

  • Shade Psychology and Emotional Affect

    Particular shade decisions evoke explicit emotional responses. Heat colours like pink and orange can create pleasure and power, whereas cooler colours like blue and inexperienced may convey calmness and stability. The chosen shade palette for this poster possible aimed to evoke emotions of pleasure, pleasure, and anticipation related to the movie’s themes and audience. Understanding the psychology of shade gives insights into the supposed emotional affect of the poster.

  • Model Consistency and Recognition

    Constant use of particular colours throughout advertising and marketing supplies strengthens model recognition. The colour palette chosen for the “Squeakquel” poster possible aligns with the broader Alvin and the Chipmunks franchise, sustaining visible continuity. This consistency reinforces model recognition and strengthens viewers reference to the established franchise.

In abstract, the colour palette of the “Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel” film poster represents a rigorously thought-about advertising and marketing technique geared toward attracting the audience and conveying the movie’s tone. Analyzing the chosen colours and their psychological affect gives beneficial insights into the movie’s advertising and marketing and its supposed viewers reception, contributing to a deeper understanding of its total success.

4. Typography

Typography within the “Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel” film poster contributes considerably to its total affect and effectiveness. Font decisions, measurement, and association talk key details about the movie, reinforcing its model identification and interesting to the goal demographic. Analyzing the typography gives insights into the advertising and marketing methods employed and the supposed viewers reception.

  • Font Choice

    The chosen fonts mirror the movie’s tone and style. A playful, rounded typeface may reinforce the comedic and family-friendly nature of the movie, whereas a bolder, extra stylized font may emphasize the musical facets. Font choice contributes to the general visible aesthetic and communicates particular messages in regards to the movie’s audience and style.

  • Dimension and Scale

    The dimensions and scale of the typography create visible hierarchy and emphasize key data. The movie’s title possible seems in a bigger font measurement than different textual content components, drawing quick consideration. Variations in measurement and scale information the viewer’s eye and prioritize particular data, making certain efficient communication of the movie’s title and different key particulars.

  • Association and Spacing

    The association and spacing of textual content components contribute to the poster’s total composition and readability. Cautious placement of the title, tagline, and different textual data ensures a transparent and balanced format. Acceptable spacing between letters and phrases enhances readability and contributes to the general aesthetic, making certain that the knowledge is well accessible to viewers.

  • Shade and Results

    The colour and results utilized to the typography additional improve its visible affect. The colour of the textual content may complement or distinction with the background, contributing to readability and visible enchantment. Results corresponding to outlines, shadows, or gradients add depth and dimension to the typography, additional enhancing its visible affect and reinforcing the movie’s branding and thematic components.

In conclusion, the typography of the “Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel” poster represents a rigorously thought-about component of the movie’s advertising and marketing technique. The chosen fonts, their measurement, association, shade, and results work collectively to speak key data, entice the audience, and reinforce the movie’s model identification. Analyzing these typographic components gives beneficial insights into the movie’s advertising and marketing and its supposed viewers reception, contributing to a deeper understanding of its total affect.

5. Tagline

The tagline on the “Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel” film poster served as a concise and impactful abstract of the movie’s core premise or promoting level. Positioned strategically on the poster, the tagline aimed to seize viewers consideration and generate curiosity within the movie. Given the introduction of the Chipettes, the tagline possible emphasised their arrival and hinted on the ensuing dynamics with the established Chipmunks characters. A tagline like “Double the Hassle, Twice the Enjoyable” or “The Ladies Are Right here!” would successfully talk the sequel’s enlargement of the core solid and promise of amplified musical and comedic components. This succinct messaging capabilities as an important advertising and marketing instrument, instantly conveying key data to potential viewers.

The tagline’s effectiveness depends on its capability to speak the movie’s essence whereas resonating with the goal demographic. A well-crafted tagline contributes considerably to a movie’s marketability, influencing viewers notion and producing anticipation. Within the case of “The Squeakquel,” the tagline possible aimed to capitalize on the prevailing franchise recognition whereas highlighting the brand new characters and storylines. This strategic strategy reinforces model loyalty and expands the potential viewers base. Analyzing the tagline gives insights into the movie’s advertising and marketing technique and its supposed positioning inside the broader leisure panorama. For instance, a tagline emphasizing music may entice viewers fascinated by musical movies, whereas a tagline highlighting comedy may enchantment to a broader household viewers.

In conclusion, the tagline’s function inside the total poster design is important for capturing viewers consideration and conveying the movie’s core message. Its cautious placement and concise wording contribute considerably to the poster’s effectiveness as a advertising and marketing instrument. The tagline serves as a memorable sound chunk, enhancing the movie’s recognizability and contributing to its potential field workplace success. Understanding the tagline’s operate inside the broader context of movie advertising and marketing gives beneficial insights into viewers engagement methods and the dynamics of the leisure business. A profitable tagline can contribute considerably to a movie’s cultural affect and long-term recognition.

6. Goal Viewers

The “Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel” film poster demonstrably focused a selected demographic: primarily youngsters and households. This focus influenced numerous facets of the poster’s design and distribution. Brilliant, vibrant colours, exaggerated character options, and a playful, dynamic composition aimed to seize the eye of youthful viewers. The inclusion of the Chipettes broadened the enchantment to incorporate younger women, a demographic probably much less engaged by the earlier movie’s predominantly male solid. Placement of those posters in family-friendly venues, corresponding to grocery shops, toy shops, and pediatric workplaces, additional focused this core viewers. This strategic strategy maximized publicity to the supposed demographic, aiming to translate visible engagement into ticket gross sales.

Contemplate the affect of focusing on this particular demographic on the poster’s design decisions. The choice to emphasise the characters’ playful antics and musical devices displays an understanding of youngsters’s pursuits. The poster’s visible language aimed to speak the movie’s lighthearted, comedic tone, assuring dad and mom of its suitability for household viewing. This clear focusing on impacts not solely the poster’s aesthetic but additionally its distribution technique. Advertising and marketing efforts centered on reaching households by way of channels they frequent, maximizing the poster’s visibility and affect. Examples embody partnerships with family-oriented companies and promoting on youngsters’s tv networks.

Understanding the audience for “Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel” and its affect on the poster design gives beneficial perception into advertising and marketing methods inside the leisure business. Efficiently participating the goal demographic requires a nuanced understanding of their preferences and viewing habits. This case examine demonstrates how visible components, placement, and distribution channels work synergistically to maximise a movie’s attain and potential field workplace success. The poster’s design represents a calculated effort to seize the eye of a selected demographic, demonstrating the significance of audience evaluation in efficient movie advertising and marketing. This evaluation extends past the poster itself, influencing wider advertising and marketing campaigns and in the end shaping the movie’s cultural reception.

7. Advertising and marketing Objectives

The “Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel” film poster served as a key part of a broader advertising and marketing technique designed to realize particular, measurable goals. Understanding these objectives gives insights into the poster’s design decisions and its supposed affect on the audience. The poster’s effectiveness straight contributed to the movie’s total industrial success.

  • Creating Consciousness and Producing Buzz

    A major advertising and marketing purpose revolved round producing pleasure and anticipation for the movie’s launch. The poster, by way of its vibrant visuals and character illustration, aimed to seize public consideration and create buzz across the sequel. Placement in high-traffic areas maximized visibility, contributing to wider public consciousness. The poster’s design components, such because the depiction of the Chipettes, served as dialog starters, sparking curiosity and dialogue amongst potential viewers.

  • Driving Ticket Gross sales and Maximizing Income

    In the end, the poster’s core operate was to drive ticket gross sales and contribute to the movie’s field workplace income. By successfully speaking the movie’s premise, goal demographic, and launch date, the poster inspired audiences to buy tickets. The poster’s visible enchantment and strategic placement aimed to transform informal curiosity into tangible motion, straight impacting the movie’s monetary efficiency.

  • Reinforcing Model Recognition and Franchise Loyalty

    The poster additionally performed a task in reinforcing model recognition and fostering franchise loyalty. Constant visible components, such because the Chipmunks’ distinctive character designs and the established brand, linked “The Squeakquel” to the broader franchise. This visible continuity strengthened viewers reference to the prevailing model and inspired repeat viewership, contributing to long-term franchise success.

  • Increasing the Viewers Base

    With the introduction of the Chipettes, a key advertising and marketing purpose concerned increasing the movie’s audience. The poster prominently featured these new characters, aiming to draw a wider demographic, notably younger women. This strategic inclusion aimed to broaden the movie’s enchantment and improve its potential market attain, contributing to larger field workplace success.

Analyzing the “Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel” film poster by way of the lens of those advertising and marketing objectives reveals its strategic significance inside the broader marketing campaign. Every design component, from character illustration to paint palette, contributed to attaining these goals. The poster’s effectiveness in producing buzz, driving ticket gross sales, reinforcing model recognition, and increasing the viewers base in the end performed a major function within the movie’s industrial success. The poster stands as a tangible instance of how focused advertising and marketing efforts can translate into real-world outcomes inside the leisure business.

8. Franchise Continuity

Sustaining franchise continuity represents an important facet of the “Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel” film poster’s design and advertising and marketing technique. The poster’s visible components serve to attach the sequel to the established franchise, reassuring present followers and attracting new viewers. Particular design decisions reinforce this connection, corresponding to constant character design, brand placement, and using acquainted shade palettes. These components create a way of familiarity and construct upon the established model recognition, leveraging the success of earlier installments. This visible consistency alerts to audiences that “The Squeakquel” stays inside the identical universe as its predecessors, sustaining a cohesive model identification and capitalizing on pre-existing viewers affinity. For instance, retaining the attribute clothes kinds and exaggerated options of Alvin, Simon, and Theodore reinforces their established identities inside the franchise. This visible consistency bridges the hole between installments, reassuring followers of the characters’ continued presence and personalities.

Contemplate the poster’s function in bridging the narrative hole between movies. Whereas introducing new characters just like the Chipettes, the poster maintains a visible connection to the unique Chipmunks. This stability attracts new audiences whereas retaining the core fanbase. The poster’s depiction of each teams reinforces the sense of an expanded universe whereas sustaining thematic consistency. This strategy permits the franchise to evolve and develop whereas preserving its core identification. Examples embody showcasing the Chipmunks and Chipettes performing collectively or interacting in acquainted environments established in earlier movies. This visible illustration of integration reassures audiences that regardless of new additions, the core essence of the franchise stays intact.

In conclusion, the “Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel” poster successfully makes use of visible cues to take care of franchise continuity. This strategic strategy strengthens model recognition, fosters viewers loyalty, and facilitates the profitable introduction of recent characters and storylines. By balancing innovation with established visible components, the poster ensures that the sequel expands the franchise’s attain whereas respecting its established identification. This understanding highlights the significance of visible consistency in sustaining franchise continuity and its essential function in long-term industrial success. Successfully managing this stability permits franchises to evolve and develop whereas retaining their core viewers and making certain continued engagement throughout a number of installments. This strategy contributes to the franchise’s longevity and total cultural affect inside the leisure panorama.

9. Cultural Affect

Assessing the cultural affect of “Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel” requires analyzing its numerous sides, together with the function of its promotional supplies. The film poster, as a outstanding visible illustration of the movie, contributed to its public notion and reception. Analyzing the poster gives insights into the movie’s broader cultural affect.

  • Character Illustration and Gender Dynamics

    The introduction of the Chipettes marked a major shift within the franchise, impacting discussions surrounding gender illustration in youngsters’s leisure. The poster’s depiction of the feminine characters contributed to broader conversations about gender roles and stereotypes. The Chipettes’ outstanding placement on the poster signaled their significance to the narrative, probably difficult conventional gender dynamics inside the franchise.

  • Music and Pop Tradition Affect

    The movie’s soundtrack and musical performances contributed to its cultural footprint, impacting up to date music developments and influencing younger audiences’ musical tastes. The poster’s visible emphasis on musical components, corresponding to devices and efficiency imagery, bolstered the movie’s musical identification. This visible illustration contributed to the movie’s affiliation with well-liked music tradition.

  • Merchandising and Commercialization

    The movie’s industrial success fueled a wave of merchandising, influencing client conduct and reflecting broader developments in leisure advertising and marketing. The poster’s imagery often appeared on merchandise, additional solidifying its connection to the movie’s industrial affect. This widespread use of the poster’s visible components contributed to the movie’s market saturation and its presence inside well-liked tradition.

  • Reception and Important Discourse

    Important evaluations and public dialogue surrounding the movie formed its total cultural reception. The poster, as a readily accessible visible illustration, grew to become a focus for discussions in regards to the movie’s high quality, audience, and cultural significance. The poster’s design decisions influenced preliminary perceptions of the movie, contributing to its important and industrial reception.

In conclusion, analyzing the “Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel” film poster gives beneficial insights into the movie’s broader cultural affect. By analyzing its visible illustration of character dynamics, musical components, merchandising, and significant reception, a deeper understanding of the movie’s affect on well-liked tradition emerges. The poster, whereas a single component of the movie’s advertising and marketing technique, serves as a microcosm of its bigger cultural footprint.

Incessantly Requested Questions

This part addresses widespread inquiries concerning the promotional art work for “Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel.” The responses present factual data and make clear potential misconceptions.

Query 1: What variations of the film poster exist for “Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel?”

Variations embody theatrical launch posters, residence video launch art work, and worldwide variations, every tailor-made to particular distribution channels and regional audiences. Variations could embody language variations, character prominence, and tagline alterations.

Query 2: The place have been these posters primarily displayed?

Posters have been strategically positioned in high-traffic areas frequented by the goal demographic, together with film theaters, family-oriented companies, and public transportation hubs. On-line distribution by way of web sites and social media platforms additional expanded visibility.

Query 3: How did the poster contribute to the movie’s advertising and marketing marketing campaign?

The poster served as a key visible component, conveying the movie’s tone, characters, and core premise to potential audiences. It aimed to generate pleasure and anticipation, in the end driving ticket gross sales.

Query 4: Did the poster’s design mirror the movie’s audience?

The poster’s design strategically focused youngsters and households. Brilliant colours, playful character depictions, and a dynamic composition aimed to enchantment to youthful viewers, whereas the inclusion of the Chipettes broadened the enchantment to incorporate younger women.

Query 5: How did the poster contribute to franchise continuity?

The poster maintained visible consistency with earlier installments, reinforcing model recognition and reassuring present followers. Acquainted character designs, brand placement, and shade palettes bolstered connections to the established franchise.

Query 6: Are authentic copies of the poster thought-about collectible?

Authentic theatrical launch posters can change into collectible gadgets, with worth relying on components corresponding to situation, rarity, and historic significance. Collectors typically search particular variations, corresponding to these that includes distinctive art work or signatures.

Understanding the assorted facets of the movie’s promotional art work gives a deeper understanding of its advertising and marketing technique and cultural affect. This FAQ part serves as a place to begin for additional exploration.

Additional evaluation of the movie’s advertising and marketing and reception provides further insights into its place inside well-liked tradition.

Ideas for Analyzing Movie Advertising and marketing Supplies

Promotional supplies, exemplified by the poster for “Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel,” supply beneficial insights into a movie’s advertising and marketing technique and audience. Cautious remark and evaluation of such supplies can reveal key details about the movie’s supposed message and cultural context. The next ideas present a framework for efficient evaluation.

Tip 1: Contemplate the Character Illustration: Observe how characters are depicted, their poses, expressions, and costumes. These visible cues talk key facets of their personalities and roles inside the narrative, providing clues in regards to the movie’s style and goal demographic.

Tip 2: Analyze the Visible Composition: Study the format, use of strains and shapes, stability, and focal factors. The composition guides the viewer’s eye and emphasizes key data, contributing to the general affect and effectiveness of the promotional materials.

Tip 3: Deconstruct the Shade Palette: Contemplate using shade, its vibrancy, distinction, and psychological affect. Shade decisions evoke particular emotional responses and contribute to the general tone and enchantment of the advertising and marketing materials, typically reflecting the goal demographic’s preferences.

Tip 4: Consider the Typography: Analyze the font choice, measurement, association, shade, and results used within the textual content. Typography communicates key data, reinforces model identification, and contributes to the general visible aesthetic of the promotional piece.

Tip 5: Interpret the Tagline: Contemplate the tagline’s message, its conciseness, and its supposed affect on the viewers. The tagline encapsulates the movie’s core premise or promoting level, serving as a memorable and impactful abstract.

Tip 6: Determine the Goal Viewers: Decide the supposed viewers primarily based on the general design and messaging of the fabric. Contemplate how particular components, corresponding to character illustration and shade decisions, cater to particular demographics.

Tip 7: Infer the Advertising and marketing Objectives: Analyze the fabric’s supposed function, whether or not it is to generate buzz, drive ticket gross sales, or reinforce model recognition. Understanding the advertising and marketing objectives gives insights into the strategic decisions made within the design course of.

Tip 8: Assess Franchise Continuity (if relevant): Consider how the fabric connects to earlier installments or the broader franchise. Search for constant visible components, character illustration, and thematic connections that reinforce model identification and enchantment to present followers.

By making use of these analytical methods, one can achieve a deeper understanding of how visible advertising and marketing supplies operate, their supposed affect on audiences, and their contribution to a movie’s total success. This framework provides a beneficial strategy to critically evaluating promotional supplies throughout numerous media.

This evaluation gives a basis for a extra complete understanding of movie advertising and marketing methods and their affect on well-liked tradition.

Conclusion

Evaluation of promotional art work for “Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel” reveals its strategic operate inside a broader advertising and marketing marketing campaign. Character illustration, visible composition, shade palettes, typography, and tagline decisions focused a selected demographicprimarily households and childrenaiming to maximise viewers engagement and drive ticket gross sales. The poster’s design mirrored the movie’s lighthearted, comedic tone and the introduction of the Chipettes, increasing the potential viewers. Moreover, the poster maintained visible continuity with the established franchise, reinforcing model recognition and interesting to present followers.

Promotional supplies function beneficial artifacts reflecting broader cultural developments and advertising and marketing methods inside the leisure business. Examination of such supplies gives essential insights into goal demographics, model constructing, and the evolution of well-liked tradition. Continued evaluation of comparable advertising and marketing campaigns contributes to a deeper understanding of viewers engagement dynamics and the commercialization of leisure properties.